When a Pap smear or cervical screening test comes back with abnormal results, a colposcopy may be necessary. If you need one and have questions, always speak with your doctor. It isn’t always a cause for concern, but you should understand the process and what to expect.

What is a Colposcopy?

This procedure involves the physician using a small microscope (called a colposcope) to determine whether anything needs a biopsy. The colposcope is used to look at the cells of the cervix, vulva, and vagina to find any abnormalities.

How to Prepare for The Procedure

A little planning can help your appointment go smoothly. Try to schedule your colposcopy for a time when you are not on your period, since bleeding can make it harder for your doctor to see clearly. For a day or two before your visit, your provider may ask you to avoid certain things.

• Vaginal intercourse
• Tampons
• Vaginal creams, medications, or douches

If there is any chance you could be pregnant, let your doctor know ahead of time. Colposcopies are generally safe during pregnancy, but your care team will want to plan accordingly. You may also want to take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen, about an hour before your appointment to ease any cramping. Always check with your doctor first to make sure this is right for you.

What to Expect During the Procedure

A colposcopy is usually quick, often taking just 10 to 20 minutes, and it is typically done right in your doctor’s office. Here is a general idea of how it works.

1. You’ll lie back on the exam table, similar to a Pap smear, with your feet in supports.
2. Your doctor will place a speculum to gently hold the vaginal walls open.
3. A mild solution, often vinegar-based, is applied to the cervix. This helps abnormal areas show up more clearly. You may feel a slight tingling or cooling sensation when this is done.
4. The colposcope, which stays outside your body, magnifies the area so your doctor can examine the tissue closely.
5. If your OB/GYN spots anything unusual, they may take a small tissue sample, called a biopsy, for testing.

Most people feel only mild pressure during the exam. If a biopsy is taken, you might notice a brief pinch or cramp. The discomfort is usually short-lived, and your care team will guide you through each step so there are no surprises.

What Happens After a Colposcopy

Recovery is generally easy after this procedure. If you did not have a biopsy, you can return to your normal routine right away. If a biopsy was taken, you may experience some mild side effects for a few days, such as:

• Light spotting or bleeding
• Mild cramping
• A dark or coffee-colored discharge, which comes from the solution used to stop any bleeding

To help your body heal, your doctor will likely ask you to avoid sex, tampons, and douching for up to a week. Pads are perfectly fine to use during this time.
While some spotting is normal, you should call your doctor if you notice heavy bleeding, a fever, severe abdominal pain, or a foul-smelling discharge. These can be signs of an infection and should be treated promptly.

Getting the Results of Your Coloscopy

If your doctor did not take a biopsy, they may be able to share what they saw during your visit. When a biopsy is involved, the sample goes to a lab, and results usually take a few days to a couple of weeks. Your provider will reach out to you to discuss what they found and answer any questions you may have.

Try not to worry while you wait. Many abnormal results are caused by minor cell changes that clear up on their own or are easily treated. A colposcopy is simply a tool that gives your doctor a closer look so you can get the best care.

Possible Follow-Up Steps

Your next steps depend on what your results show. In many cases, no further treatment will be needed. Your doctor may simply recommend a repeat Pap smear or colposcopy in a few months to keep an eye on things. If the results show abnormal cells, your provider might suggest one of the following options.

• Follow-up appointments to monitor the area over time
• A procedure to remove the cells, such as a LEEP or cone biopsy
• Additional testing to better understand the results

Your doctor will walk you through the options and help you decide what is best for your health.

WHA is Here to Support You

A colposcopy can feel intimidating, but understanding the process makes a real difference. The team at WHA is committed to clear communication and compassionate care every step of the way. If you have questions about your screening results or what comes next, schedule a visit by calling (806) 355-6330. We’re here to help you feel informed, comfortable, and confident about your health care.